02
Step 2 of 3 in the journey
Appeals are won on paper.
Gather it before you write.
The people who review an appeal read a file. Your job is to make sure that file contains what they need to say yes: what the plan relied on, what your records show, what your doctor says, and what the plan's own documents promise.
What do you need to do?
- Get your claim file and plan documents Ask the plan for everything it relied on, and for the plan document that sets the rules.
- Get your medical records and itemized bill Request the records that prove the need, and the itemized bill that shows what was actually charged.
- Work with your doctor Get a letter of medical necessity, ask for a peer-to-peer call, and make it easy for the office to help.
- Find the rules and evidence that support you Find the plan's medical policy, your plan's own wording, and the guidelines and studies that back the treatment.
- Write your appeal Put the facts, the plan's error and your doctor's support into a short letter with the right enclosures.
- Keep a paper trail Log every call, keep proof of everything you send, and track each deadline.
Tools for this step
8 8 tools
Free, no account, nothing leaves your browser.
- Appeal letter builder
Pick your denial reason and build an appeal letter with an enclosure list and a next-steps sheet.
Tool
- Appeal packet builder
Build a cover sheet and numbered enclosure list, with the steps to prove your appeal arrived.
Tool
- Call log
Record every call: the date, who you spoke to, the reference number and what was promised.
Tool
- Call script builder
Get the words to say, what to ask for and what to write down before you phone your plan or provider.
Tool
- Claim file request builder
Build the letter asking your plan for everything it relied on, and get the date to follow up.
Tool
- Doctor letter kit
Build a short note asking your doctor for a letter of medical necessity, with an outline they can work from.
Tool
- Evidence checklist builder
Get a tailored list of the documents that answer your denial reason, and who holds each one.
Tool
Start with
16 16 guides
16 guides in this area
- Guide
How to get your plan documents
Ask your plan administrator in writing for the summary plan description and the documents that set your plan's rules, so you can check the denial against them. Covers who to write to, cost and timing.
- Guide
How to read your claim file
Go through the file your plan sends. Find what it relied on, who reviewed your claim, what it missed and whether it kept to its own deadlines. Then your appeal can answer the real reason.
- Guide
How to request your claim file
Ask your plan in writing, before you appeal, for everything it used to decide your claim. Covers what to ask for, where to send it, what the rules say about cost and timing, and what to do if the plan stalls.
More guides 13
- How to ask for an itemized bill and check it
Ask the provider for every charge on your account, then compare it with your Explanation of Benefits to find errors. Covers the billing-records right you do have and the itemized-bill right the federal rules do not give.
- How to ask your doctor for a letter of medical necessity
Make it easy for your doctor's office to write a letter that answers the plan's reason for denying your care. Covers who to ask, what to hand over, when, and what to do if the office says no.
- How to assemble and send an appeal packet
Put your appeal letter, your doctor's letter, records and plan documents in order, then send the packet so you can prove the plan received it. Includes a check of what to enclose and what to keep.
- How to find clinical guidelines and studies
Work with your doctor to find the guidelines and studies that back your treatment, and use them to answer the plan's reason. Covers experimental denials, past review decisions and how to cite evidence.
- How to find the insurer's medical policy for your treatment
Ask for the clinical rule your plan used to deny your care, find out which version applied, and check it against your records. Covers what a denial notice must say and what you can request for free.
- How to get your medical records
Ask your doctor, hospital or clinic in writing for a copy of your own records for your appeal. Covers what the federal health privacy rule says about timing and fees, and which records an appeal needs.
- How to keep a call log and paper trail
Record every call, letter and message with your plan and providers, with names, dates and reference numbers, so you can prove what was said and keep your deadlines straight. Includes a simple log you can copy.
- How to talk to your insurer on the phone
Call habits that protect you, such as getting names and reference numbers and asking for it in writing, and what a phone call can and cannot do. Links to phone scripts for common calls after a denial.
- How to write an appeal letter that works
A plain structure for your appeal letter, from what you want to a request for a written decision. Includes what to put in each part, what to leave out, and links to letters for each denial reason.
- Peer-to-peer review and how to prepare your doctor
A peer-to-peer review is a phone call between your doctor and the plan's reviewing doctor. It is usually worth asking for early, but availability and timing vary by plan. Here is how to ask and prepare.
- Using your plan's own words
Quote the plan's own definitions, exclusions and criteria back to it in your appeal. Covers where to find them, how to quote them accurately, and what to do when the plan's documents work against you.
- What a strong letter of medical necessity contains
A checklist for the letter your doctor writes, so it answers the plan's stated reason, uses the plan's own criteria, and gives the reviewer the facts needed to decide. For you to check the draft against.
- Writing your personal statement
How to write a short, honest account of what your condition and the denial have done to your health and daily life, to sit beside your doctor's letter in an appeal. Includes prompts and what to leave out.
Letters, checklists and programs
23 23 items
- Phone call with your insurer
What to have ready, what to ask and what to write down on a call with your plan, so the call leaves a record.
Checklist
- Ask for an itemized bill
A written request to a provider for an itemized statement of every charge, code, payment and adjustment on your account, so you can compare it with your plan's Explanation of Benefits before paying.
Letter or script
- Ask for the clinical criteria used
A written request for the internal rule, guideline or clinical explanation the plan used to deny your care, so your appeal can answer it point by point. It is a records request, not an appeal.
Letter or script
- Ask for your claim file
A written request for everything the plan used or created when it decided your claim, sent before you appeal. It asks for the file free of charge and says clearly that it is not an appeal.
Letter or script
- Ask for your medical records
A written request to your doctor, hospital or clinic for a copy of your own medical record under the federal health privacy rule, for use in your appeal.
Letter or script
- Ask for your plan documents
A written request to your employer plan's administrator for the summary plan description and the documents that set the plan's rules, so you can check the denial against them.
Letter or script
More letters and checklists 5
- Ask who reviewed your claim and their credentials
A written request to learn who decided your claim and what medical experts the plan consulted, with their roles, specialties and licences. It is a records request, not an appeal.
Letter or script
- Cover sheet for an appeal packet
A one-page cover sheet that lists everything in your appeal packet and how you sent it, so nothing is missed and you can prove what arrived.
Letter or script
- Letter of medical necessity (for your clinician to adapt)
A letter in your clinician's voice that explains the diagnosis, what has been tried, why the denied care is medically necessary for you, and what is likely to happen without it. Every clinical statement is a blank for the clinician to complete.
Letter or script
- Note to your doctor's office
A short, courteous note to your doctor's office that says exactly what you need for your appeal, whether that is a letter, records, a call to the plan or a billing check, and by what date.
Letter or script
- Phone script: three-way call with your provider
How to bring your doctor's office onto a call with your plan so that both sides hear the same facts and agree on what happens next.
Letter or script
Programs and services 12
Run by other organizations. We summarize them and say when we last checked.
- Program or service
AppealArmor
A free web tool that reads a photo or text of your denial letter, shows you what it read, and emails an appeal letter and a Next Steps sheet with where to send it and your deadline. It also has a deadline calculator.
From AppealArmor
- Program or service
California Independent Medical Review decision search
A searchable database of every California Independent Medical Review decision since 1 January 2001. Search by drug, treatment, therapy or condition to read how reviewers decided cases like yours.
From California Department of Managed Health Care
- Program or service
Crohn's & Colitis Foundation appeal letter library
Customizable appeal letters for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis treatments, tests and dose changes, including a request to use a biologic without first failing other drugs. Written for the doctor's office to edit.
From Crohn's & Colitis Foundation
- Program or service
Fight Health Insurance
A free tool that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to draft appeal letters from a photo or text of your denial letter. It also has a denial explainer, glossary and state help pages. Run by a company, not a nonprofit or law firm.
From Fight Health Insurance, Inc.
- Program or service
Health Appeal
A free service with an in-page deadline check and an appeal letter builder that works inside an artificial intelligence (AI) assistant or on its site. You sign and send the letter yourself.
From Health Appeal
- Program or service
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act right of access to your health information
The federal guidance on your right to see and get copies of your records held by your health plan and most providers, and to have them sent to someone you name.
From U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Program or service
KFF analysis: claims denials and appeals in marketplace plans in 2024
KFF's analysis of federal data on claims denied and appealed in HealthCare.gov plans in 2024. It reports that 19% of in-network claims were denied. It is a source of statistics, not a how-to guide.
From KFF
- Program or service
New York external appeals searchable archive
A database of closed New York external appeals decided on or after 31 May 2019. Filter by diagnosis, treatment, health plan, decision and year to see outcomes of similar cases.
From New York State Department of Financial Services
- Program or service
Patient Advocate Foundation appeals guide and sample letters
A free 10-page guide to appealing a health plan denial, with a fill-in-the-blank appeal letter, from a patient-advocacy charity. It is written for most private plans and does not give your own deadlines.
From Patient Advocate Foundation
- Program or service
ProPublica Claim File Helper
A free tool from ProPublica that builds a letter asking your health insurer for your claim file: the notes, call recordings and records it used to deny you. Request it before you appeal.
From ProPublica
- Program or service
Washington independent review decision search
A state search of independent review decisions Washington has collected since 2016. Results show the insurer, diagnosis and treatment, the outcome and the reviewer's reasoning.
From Washington State Office of the Insurance Commissioner
- Program or service
Washington Insurance Commissioner: appealing a health insurance denial
Washington's insurance regulator explains how to appeal a denial, which plans it regulates, and where to find sample appeal letters by denial reason. Consumer advocates answer questions and take complaints.
From Washington State Office of the Insurance Commissioner
Your next step may connect
- Appeal
File the appeal, get a fast decision when health is at risk, and take it outside the plan if it says no again.
- What was denied
The playbook for your kind of denial: prior authorization, drugs, out-of-network care, mental health, treatments, billing.